PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PLANTS OF THE LEONURUS GENUS: A REVIEW OF MODERN RESEARCH
Keywords:
Leonurus, leonurine, alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenoids, cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, sleep regulation.Abstract
Plants of the Leonurus genus (motherwort) are distinguished as a rich source of bioactive compounds used in both traditional and modern medicine. This review examines the key chemical components of Leonurus, including alkaloids, labdane diterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, as well as their pharmacological activities. Alkaloids such as leonurine and stachydrine exhibit cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, as confirmed by research. Labdane diterpenoids display antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, while flavonoids, including quercetin and rutin, demonstrate potent antioxidant effects. The main therapeutic effects of Leonurus include cardiovascular protection, inflammation reduction, sleep quality improvement, and support for the nervous system. Modern studies confirm that Leonurus extracts can reduce anxiety and regulate neurotransmitter activity. The cardioprotective properties of these plants contribute to lowering blood pressure and preventing thrombosis, providing protection against cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive data on the pharmacological properties of Leonurus plants, significant opportunities for further research remain. Key directions include investigating molecular mechanisms of action, improving methods for isolating active components, and conducting clinical trials to validate their therapeutic potential. The chemical and pharmacological diversity of Leonurus highlights their importance in the development of innovative drugs.
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